帽儿山地区金龟类访花甲虫的调查分析

通过对黑龙江帽儿山地区金龟类访花甲虫种类的初步调查,结果表明,访花金龟共有15种,其中花金龟科有7种(46.67%),丽金龟科5种(33.33%),斑金龟科2种(13.33%),鳃金龟科1种(6.67%);优势种3种:短毛花金龟、小青花金龟和白星花金龟。金龟类访花优势种,主要访问的植物种类有:珍珠梅、深山唐松草、柳叶绣线菊、鸡树条荚蒾、蚊子草等。并对金龟类访花甲虫对花的选择特征进行了总结。     

福建省竹业现状、问题和发展对策

本文论述了福建省竹业的现状、存在问题，并提出了今后竹业发展的指导思想和对策。     

Forest recovery after clear-cutting in Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis) plantations of North China

In Hebei Province of North China, forest was recovered with natural recruitment in plantations with large area of clear-cutting Chinese pine(Pinus tabuliformis). This study was aimed to demonstrate the dynamic characteristics of recruits during the natural recruitment. Both plot survey and the spatial point-pattern analysis were performed. Five developmental stages of natural recruitment were selected and studied, including 1 year before and 2, 5, 8, and 11 years after clear-cutting. Different slope aspects were also included. Natural recruitment was always dominated by Chinese pine with a proportion of higher than 90%. For plots of 1 year before clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, recruit densities were 7886 and 5036 stems/hm2, the average heights were 0.78(±0.85) and 1.06(±1.15) m, and the average diameters at breast height(DBH) were 3.21(±1.38) and 2.91(±1.38) cm, respectively. After clear-cutting, recruit density was initially increased, then it was gradually declined with time; however, the variation of average DBH was contrary to that of recruit density. Both of them were no longer varied between 8 and 11 years after clear-cutting. The average height of recruits continued to increase after clear-cutting. For the plots of 11 years after clear-cutting on east-and north-facing slopes, average heights of recruits reached 2.00(±1.14) and 2.24(±1.20) m, respectively. The statuses of recruits on north-facing slopes were better than those on east-facing slopes after clear-cutting. Meanwhile, recruits on east-facing slopes were always aggregated at small scales, while spatial pattern of recruits varied with time on north-facing slopes. Moreover, forest was recovered more quickly by natural recruitment than by artificial afforestation after clear-cutting. The structural diversity was higher in naturally regenerated forests than in plantations of the same age. Our results demonstrated that clear-cutting of Chinese pine plantations recovered by natural recruitment has the potential to be an effective approach for establishing multifunctional forest.     

陕西省乡村旅游可持续发展的适应性管理研究

以陕西省10市1区乡村旅游发展目的地为对象,以旅游地生命周期理论、适应性管理理论、可持续发展理论为指导,以陕西省各市、区及不同人文自然条件区域为空间分布单元展开实地调研,架构了各市及不同人文自然条件区域的适应性管理框架,以推动陕西省乡村旅游全面、健康、持续发展。     

山东省生猪生产格局及其影响因素的实证分析

依据《山东统计年鉴》(1981—2012)中的相关统计数据,阐述了20世纪80年代以来山东省生猪生产格局变化的历史进程;在理论分析生猪生产格局影响因素的基础上,应用面板数据模型实证分析山东省生猪生产格局的影响因素。结果表明:1982年以来山东省生猪生产格局经历了从"√"型格局到"⌒"状格局再到"·—S"格局的变化过程;上一年生猪生产格局指数、消费者市场潜力、政策扶持和畜牧业比较优势对生猪生产格局变化有显著正影响,非农就业机会有显著负影响,且上一年生猪生产格局指数的影响程度明显高于其余4个因素。     

山西省早熟玉米品种发展策略

根据山西省不同玉米种植区的生态特点，对不同种植区种植早熟玉米的适宜品种类型及发展方向进行了研究。分析了山西省早熟玉米育种工作的现状，提出了不同种植区早熟玉米品种选育的方向和基础自交系的选育方法。     

1971—2016年河南省夏玉米生长季极端干旱时空特征

选用地表湿润指数，利用1971—2016年气象数据对河南省夏季极端干旱发生的时空特征进行了分析。结果表明：近46 a来，河南省夏季极端干旱发生频数在年均0.08～2.15月之间，总体上呈现微弱的下降趋势。6月和9月极端干旱发生次数高于7月和8月。1970s发生频数最多，2000s最少，2010s呈现回升的趋势。6月和9月极端干旱发生站次百分比明显高于7月和8月，且6、7月和9月的发生站次百分比在2010s也呈现回升趋势。各年代平均发生频数均以豫南地区最高，近46 a来极端干旱总次数呈现由南向北逐渐递减的分布特征，但6月份发生总次数高值区则主要分布在豫中和豫西地区。全省范围内极端干旱发生存在明显的4~8 a周期变化，2010s极端干旱发生频数和站次百分比均呈回升趋势，应引起夏玉米生产上的关注和重视。     

江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌种群检测与抗药性分析

本研究旨在检测江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌的种群组成与对传统杀菌剂单剂的抗性严重度。以江苏溧阳、通州和盐城地区小麦赤霉病菌子囊孢子为试材,鉴定其优势种群,检测对多菌灵、戊唑醇和咪鲜胺的抗性。结果表明：江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌株中全部检测到亚细亚镰孢,是绝对优势种群;禾谷镰孢占比最高是溧阳地区的14%,最低是通州地区的8%,平均占比为11.33%,显著低于亚细亚镰孢占比;江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌对多菌灵的抗性频率介于26.3%~54.5%;未检测到戊唑醇和咪鲜胺具有抗性的赤霉菌株。综上,江苏地区小麦赤霉病菌优势种群是亚细亚镰孢,其对多菌灵单剂已产生严重抗性,未发现对戊唑醇和咪鲜胺产生抗性。     

基于WOFOST模型的辽宁省春玉米干旱灾损风险评估

利用锦州农业气象试验站的作物生长发育和土壤实测数据对WOFOST模型水分胁迫模块进行了调参，适用性验证表明，WOFOST模型适用于辽宁省春玉米生长发育和产量的模拟，辽宁省春玉米受干旱的影响可以利用WOFOST模型较敏感地反映出来。利用调参后的WOFOST模型模拟了全生育期及出苗~拔节、拔节~抽雄、抽雄~乳熟和乳熟~成熟各阶段发生轻、中、重旱情景对辽宁省春玉米产量的影响，并根据模拟结果确定了不同干旱风险等级下辽宁省东、中、西部玉米生产的灾损范围。结果表明：不同生育期发生干旱对产量的影响不同，总体上，抽雄~乳熟期发生干旱的影响最大，其次是拔节~抽雄期，而出苗~拔节期和乳熟~成熟期发生干旱对产量的影响较小，全省春玉米在抽雄~乳熟期发生重旱的减产风险达30%~70%；在相同干旱水平下，不同区域受影响程度也不同，在全生育期及各生育阶段发生轻、中、重旱情景下，干旱导致的减产率总体上表现为由东部向西部地区逐渐加重的趋势，在全生育期重旱情景下，辽宁省东部的春玉米减产率为40%~75%，中部为60%~90%，西部达65%~95%。     

安徽省农业气象灾害时间分布特征与灰色关联分析

为了探寻安徽省农业气象灾害的分布特点以及各种气象灾害对粮食生产的影响,本研究基于安徽省1992—2012年有关气象灾害数据,对4种主要气象灾害(旱灾、水灾、风雹灾、霜冻灾)的分布特征进行统计分析,并采用灰色关联分析研究其对安徽省粮食单产的影响。结果表明:1992—2012年,安徽省气象灾害具有发生频率高、波动大的特点,但整体上呈下降趋势。旱灾和水灾是发生面积较大的气象灾害,且常在时间上交织、空间上并存。灰色关联分析表明,4种气象灾害对粮食产量影响顺序:风雹灾水灾旱灾霜冻灾,说明风雹灾是影响粮食产量最主要的气象灾害,其次是水灾、旱灾,霜冻灾影响较小。本研究可为安徽省防灾减灾措施的制定提供决策依据。